The answer is pesticides. Milady is direct about this: "Disinfectants are pesticides (a type of poison) and can cause serious skin and eye damage." That regulatory classification is exactly why the EPA — not the FDA or a cosmetics regulator — is the agency that registers disinfectant products (see the related EPA question below).
This is worth remembering precisely because it's counterintuitive: disinfectants sit in barbershops right next to shampoos and skin-care products, but legally they're regulated as pesticides, which drives real safety requirements (ventilation, proper dilution, avoiding skin/eye contact) that don't apply to cosmetic products.
Milady Standard Barbering, 6th ed., Ch. 4 (Infection Control), p. 76: "Disinfectants are pesticides (a type of poison) and can cause serious skin and eye damage."
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