The answer is goal setting. Milady defines it in almost the exact same words the question uses: goal setting is the identification of long-term and short-term goals.
The book frames this as a practical exercise, not just a concept — once you know what you want, you can draw a circle around your destination and chart the best course toward it. Time management and mind mapping are related study and organization tools covered elsewhere, but neither is defined as the identification of goals themselves.
Milady Standard Barbering, 6th ed., Ch. 2 (Life Skills), p. 28: "Goal setting is the identification of long-term and short-term goals."
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