The answer is attachment combs. It's the same snap-on piece that controls how short the clipper cuts, just under a different name.
Clipper guards let you leave hair longer than the blade alone would cut directly against the scalp, and they're usually made of plastic, hard rubber, or steel. Since guards don't do the actual cutting, they can take more passes than a bare blade to get an even result. Edgers are a real term too, but that one refers to outliners, not guards.
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